How can you distinguish between causal relationships and spurious relationships?
What will be an ideal response?
The research must demonstrate that the alleged cause, X, does, in fact, covary with the supposed effect, Y. The research must show that the cause preceded the effect: X must come before Y in time. After all, can an effect appear before its cause? Finally, the research must eliminate possible alternative causes, sometimes termed confounding factors. The research must be conducted in such a way that all possible joint causes of X and Y have been eliminated.
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The Founders were wary of having any political parties at all
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Why do people take political cues from others rather than study the issues themselves
What will be an ideal response?
Concerned about the shortened length of campaigns, parties have begun to
A. reduce frontloading of primary elections and reduce delegates from early states. B. move up early voting by giving more delegates to early states. C. move back their conventions to later in the year. D. do nothing. E. None of these are correct.
According to the Kyoto Protocol, which area is meant to reduce the most in terms of greenhouse gases?
a. European Union states b. United States c. Japan d. China