Which roles are most likely to have a significant effect on the type of aging process expe-rienced by the older adult?
a. Grandparent and church member
b. Employee and spouse
c. Friend and patient
d. Parent and volunteer
B
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A Incorrect. Alterations in these roles are not usually as challenging as loss of em-ployment and loss of a spouse. Grandparenting and church membership can of-fer the potential for enhanced social experiences for an older adult; however, adults can age well without them when more basic needs are met.
B Correct. The loss of employment and a spouse are likely to be devastating for an older adult for economic and biopsychosocial reasons. Losing a job not only in-cludes the loss of income and benefits, most notably health insurance, but can include the loss of lifestyle, identity, and sense of importance or purpose in life. When an older adult loses a spouse, the loss can include economic security, es-pecially for woman, and societal roles.
C Incorrect. Alterations in these roles are not always as acutely demanding as loss of a spouse or retirement.
D Incorrect. Alterations in these roles usually call for little or gradual adjustment.
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