Define correlation and give an example. Can one determine cause and effect from correlations? Explain why or why not
What will be an ideal response
A correlation exists between two variables when one changes (increases or
decreases) as the other changes. It is impossible to determine cause and effect from
correlations because correlations indicate a connection between two variables, but
cannot determine a reason for the connection because no other variables are
controlled.
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Which one of the following statements best explains the meaning of "science as liberal"?
a. Scientific results often challenge political and religious orthodoxy. b. The majority of scientists are liberal in political outlook. c. Scientists are attracted to research on liberal topics. d. Scientific research is often supported by liberal groups.
Which of the following statements is not true of reverse discrimination?
a. it occurs in the laboratory but not the real world b. it is most prevalent among the less educated c. it leads to increased and long-term tolerance for the groups towards which it is directed d. both a and b e. all of the above
Karen's first psychology exam score is 1 standard deviation from the mean in a normal distribution. The test has a mean of 75 and a standard deviation of 5 . Karen's percentile rank would be:
a. 16%. b. 54%. c. 70%. d. cannot say from the information given
A review of 515 studies on the contact hypothesis strongly supported the conclusion that contact with out-group members
a. lowers prejudice. b. increases prejudice. c. results in violent activities. d. increases stereotyping and discriminatory practices.