Since common law was unwritten law, to what did judges “turn” as they decided if an act was criminal or not?
a. Immemorial custom
b. Oral historians
c. Church documents
d. A fifteenth-century French code
a. Immemorial custom
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One criterion for identifying a high-risk offender is that the suspect initiated _________ or more instances of violence in the preceding year
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
The IACP replaced the Code of Ethics with a police code of conduct in:
a. 1989. c. 1988. b. 1987. d. 1986.
During the mid-1800s, most police agencies in the United States operated at the ______ level.
A. local B. state C. federal D. territorial
Which of Reamer’s (1986) grounds relate to science and research and to what is known from that research about the likely outcome of a particular policy?
a. Ideological b. Contingent c. Ethical d. Empirical