Explain the role of a zeitgeber and give some examples including the most potent for humans.
What will be an ideal response?
To establish and maintain biological rhythms, internal biological clocks interact with stimuli known as zeitgebers. (Zeit means "time" in German; geber means "to give"; hence, these are "time givers.") Light is the most important zeitgeber for human beings. In the absence of natural light, human free-running circadian rhythms last approximately 24.2 hours to 24.9 hours (Czeisler & Gooley, 2007; Sack, Brandes, Kendall, & Lewy, 2000). Exposure to sunlight each day helps reset, or entrain, the internal biological clock to the 24-hour cycle of the earth's rotation. In addition to light, other zeitgebers include physical activity, feeding, body temperature, and sleep-related hormones.
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Tom has been secretly watching others in his neighborhood undress or engage in sexual activity without being seen. He becomes sexually aroused by this activity. He may be diagnosed with
a. sexual perversion disorder. b. frotteurism. c. pedophilia. d. voyeurism.
Which of the following is true of hospice care?
A. It focuses on applying the latest medical technology in gerontology. B. It seeks to cure patients of their illness. C. It seeks to distract the patient from thinking of their illness. D. It enables family members to take an active part in the care of a terminally ill patient.
A researcher conducts an experiment in which she randomly assigns one group to listen to directions and another group to read directions. What type of manipulation is this?
A. physiological manipulation B. environmental manipulation C. instructional manipulation D. scenario manipulation
Grace whistles while tickling Khaleel with a feather. Eventually, Khaleel starts to squirm and giggle every time Grace whistles, even when he is not being tickled. In this example, squirming and giggling is a(n) ________.
A. conditioned response B. conditioned stimulus C. unconditioned response D. unconditioned stimulus