An African-American client has a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) of 12 ng/mL. Which action by the nurse is best?
a. Remind the client to repeat the test in 1 year.
b. Prepare the client for further diagnostic testing.
c. Ask if the client ejaculated within 48 hours of the test.
d. Assess the client for alcohol and tobacco use.
B
A normal PSA level is less than 4 ng/mL. Elevated PSA levels, particularly those over 10 ng/mL, are associated with cancer. African Americans tend to have higher PSA levels as they age, but this level is so high that the nurse must suspect cancer and prepare the client for further diagnos-tic testing. The client should not wait a year to repeat the test. The client should not ejaculate for 24 hours before having blood drawn. Alcohol and tobacco use does not cause an elevation in PSA.
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The nurse is providing care to a newborn client and family during a well-baby checkup. Using Duvall's family development theory, which question is most appropriate for the nurse to ask?
A. "Do you plan to have more children?" B. "How far apart are your closest children?" C. "How many children do you have?" D. "How old is your oldest child?"
Variability in the fetal heart rate is indicative of
a. a well-oxygenated fetal nervous system b. decreased oxygenation of the placenta c. fetal distress in utero d. pressure on the umbilical cord
The client with chronic rhinitis asks the nurse why he cannot use his nasal spray as often as he needs. The nurse's best response is:
A) "Continuous use of nasal spray causes nosebleeds." B) "Continuous use causes rebound congestion, which increases frequency of use." C) "Prolonged use of nasal spray dries the nasal mucosa." D) "Too much medication is absorbed through the mucosa and has a systemic effect on the circulation."
Which menu choices for a child who is diagnosed with renal failure and experiencing hyperkalemia indicate the need for further instruction by the nurse?
1. Carrots and green, leafy vegetables 2. Spaghetti and meat sauce with breadsticks 3. Hamburger on a bun and cherry gelatin 4. Chips, cold cuts, and canned foods