What happens during the second step of the quantitative critical appraisal process, in the case in which the reader determines study strengths and weaknesses of a particularly weak research report?
a. The reader discovers what elements of the study are in what locations of the report.
b. The reader constructs a global appraisal of the research's lack of rigor.
c. The reader's task is to analyze the quality of the individual parts of a research report. This inevitably produces an impression not only of what the research did not do, but also of what should have been done.
d. The reader is required to examine each part minutely; this leads to an appreciation of what the researcher did well.
e. The reader evaluates the goodness of the study.
ANS: C, D
The critical appraisal process for quantitative research includes three steps: (1) identifying the steps of the research process, (2) determining study strengths and weaknesses, and (3) evaluating the credibility and meaning of a study to nursing knowledge and practice. Identification of the steps of the research process in a quantitative study is the first step in critical appraisal. The next step in critically appraising a quantitative study requires determining the strengths and weaknesses of the study. To do this, the reader must have knowledge of what each step of the research process should be like from expert sources, such as this textbook and other research sources. Then the ideal ways to conduct the steps of the research process are compared with the actual study steps. During this comparison, the reader examines the extent to which the researcher followed the rules for an ideal study.
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