Does having delinquent peers always result in criminality? How does this statement connect to the differences between causation and correlation?
What will be an ideal response?
Essentially, social learning theory suggests that increased associations with deviant peers increase the likelihood that one will adopt attitudes and values favorable to criminal conduct. The issue is the temporal ordering of the adoption of deviant attitudes and behaviors and the association with other deviant peers. We might think of it as the chicken and the egg problem. Do young people with deviant attitudes learn them through peer association, or do they seek out peers with similar attitudes?
Although having delinquent peers certainly increases (or is positively correlated with) one’s chance of engaging in delinquent behavior, one does not directly cause the other.
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Based on the President's Task Force on Victims of Crime recommendations, prosecutors should:
a. Strongly discourage case continuances; should assume ultimate responsibility for informing the victims; and establish systems for the prompt return of victims' belongings. b. Are not recommended to use a victim/witness on-call system. c. Are not required to establish procedures to ensure victims are given an opportunity to express their views on bail decisions, continuances, plea bargains, dismissals; sentencing and restitution. d. Should not assume responsibility for informing the victims
According to neoclassical criminology, the role of punishment is
a. deterrence only. b. retribution only. c. both deterrence and retribution d. neither deterrence nor retribution.
If students are given arithmetic tests covering roughly the same information, this Friday and next Friday, and scored approximately the same on both tests, it is said to have
A) Validity B) Inter-item probability C) Split-halves probability D) Reliability
Which of the following is not an impact of discretionary release mechanisms?
A. Worsened overcrowding in prisons B. Changing of sentences handed down by judges C. Mitigation of the penal code's harshness D. Individualized punishments to fit the offender E. A decrease in the impact of legal procedure on criminal justice decisions