What is expectancy and reinforcement value, according to Rotter? How do they influence Randall's decision to argue/fight with a schoolmate who is verbally abusive?
What will be an ideal response?
Expectancy is a belief about what will happen if we act in a certain way. Reinforcement value is a matter of preferring one reinforcer over another. For Rotter, expectancy and reinforcement value determine the strength of the behavior potential and therefore the likelihood that it will be chosen as a course of action. The respect and attention Randall gets by fighting/arguing is more important (i.e., has more reinforcement value) than being allowed to stay in school, when he is making the decision to fight or walk away from schoolmate's insults. Relatedly, the fact that Randall can predict the outcomes of each of these behavior potentials (such as being suspended from school if he gets into another fight) is expectancy.
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Rats are more likely to form a smell-sickness association than a light-sickness association, suggesting that:
A) genetic factors are a relatively unimportant component of learning. B) rats have evolved to not associate lights with smell. C) behaviour is, in part, the product of the learning experiences of our ancestors. D) rats have had more learning opportunities to associate smell with sickness.
Classical conditioning is most often used to condition
a. reflexes. b. short-term behavior. c. negative behavior. d. positive behavior.
Which of the following disorders may involve abnormalities in mirror neurons?
A. stress disorder B. autism C. fetal alcohol syndrome D. depression
Several studies have linked participation in sports with antisocial and delinquent behavior.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)