Placebos are used in research to control for
a. nontreatment effects.
b. the subjects' expectations about treatment.
c. secondary drug effects.
d. random fluctuations in the independent variable.
B
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Marsha slumped down into her seat as her therapy session began. Her eyes are red, and it is obvious that she has been crying. When her Gestalt therapist asks her how she is doing, she replies, “Oh, I’m just fine.” Marsha’s therapist will most likely handle the discrepancy between Marsha’s behavior and her response by ____
a. ?showing Marsha a series of inkblots, hoping that the inkblots might provide insight as to why Marsha is upset b. ?modeling appropriate behavior that corresponds to the phrase, “Oh, I’m just fine.” c. ?pointing out the discrepancy to Marsha and not letting her change the topic until she honestly describes how she feels d. ?questioning Marsha about her past to see if she has ever been rewarded for masking her true feelings
Ben is 7 months old. Which of the following is he probably not yet able to do?
a. roll over c. sit up unassisted b. sit up assisted d. crawl
Which statement is true about vocational life and cognitive development?
A) People in midlife do not benefit as much from cognitively challenging work as those in their twenties or thirties. B) Continuously confronting complex, novel tasks in a work setting increases the age-related decline in fluid abilities. C) Cognitive flexibility tends to be responsive to work experiences in early adulthood but not in midlife or beyond. D) Complex work augments later cognitive flexibility more than cognitive flexibility influences occupational choice.
Which of these is a problem with the social learning environmental theory explanation for the cause of homosexuality?
a. most female homosexuals have had pleasurable sexual relations with men b. even in cases of extreme childhood gender role nonconformity, one cannot absolutely predict future sexual orientation c. homosexual orientation as an adult is no more common in cultures that encourage homosexual practices during childhood than it is in cultures that discourage it d. all of the above