Weight loss dieting in humans has been shown to ____
a. increase absolute numbers of Firmicutes bacteria
b. decrease absolute numbers of Firmicutes bacteria
c. increase the abundance of Firmicutes bacteria relative to Bacteroidetes bacteria
d. decrease the relative abundance of Firmicutes bacteria relative to Bacteroidetes bacteria
e. not affect bacterial populations in human intestines
ANSWER: d
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The finding that mutations in synapse genes are associated with many genetic disorders that have a behavioral component suggests that _____
a. individuals with these mutations lack synapses b. individuals with these mutations lack neurotransmitters c. malfunctions in presynaptic neurons cause abnormal behavior d. malfunctioning synapses are associated with abnormal behavior e. behavior disorders are attributable to environmental factors
Water reabsorption into the capillaries associated with a nephron is achieved principally by
a. bulk flow. b. active transport and diffusion. c. countercurrent multiplication. d. phagocytosis. e. endocytosis.
Excessive amounts of blood lipids increases the risk of ____
a. arteriosclerosis b. atherosclerosis c. hypertension d. a heart attack e. angioplasty
Antimicrobial peptides produced by normal flora are known as
A) hydroperoxides B) Defensins C) Histamine D) Bacteriocins