Which one of the following involuntary muscle contractions is always abnormal?
A. Muscle spasms
B. Cramps
C. Fasciculations
D. Fibrillations
E. All of the above
ANS: D
Rationale: Fibrillations, because the affect only a single muscle fiber, are always abnormal. When an alpha motor neuron fires, all of the muscle fibers it innervates contract, so there is no normal mechanism to fire an individual muscle fiber. Muscle spasms, cramps, and fasciculations can occur in normal and pathologic conditions.
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