Virtually all species show the basic phenomena of operant conditioning in some
way. The basic phenomena include all but
(a) acquisition via reinforcement
(b) extinction when reinforcement is withheld
(c) acquisition when there are long delays between response and
reinforcement
(d) greater resistance to extinction following partial reinforcement
C
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Deb has visual neglect. First the researcher shows her a picture of a normal plant and then a picture of a plant that is normal on the right side but is dead on the left side. When asked to choose which plant she would prefer to take home, Deb is likely to say:
a. "Either one, because they are both the same.". b. "The first one, even though they are both the same.". c. "Neither one, because they are both dead.". d. "The first one, because the second one is dead.".
Behavioral therapy rests on the notion that abnormal behavior _____
a) is a result of childhood traumas that have never been dealt with; therefore, exploring one's childhood is the first step in recovery. b) is mostly genetic; thus, medications seem to be the first step in working to eliminate it. c) is learned and can therefore be unlearned with the appropriate behavioral techniques. d) is a result of both one's heredity and one's environment; consequently, not much can be done to resolve the disorders.
Techniques such as meta-analysis are useful in psychology because:
a. they help reduce unintended changes in subjects' behavior due to cues given by the experimenter. b. they allow for the careful study of behavior in schools, workplaces, and other natural contexts. c. they provide a range of values within which the mean of a population is likely to lie. d. rarely does one study alone prove anything, and this technique analyzes data from many studies.
In the most influential study to date on distribution effects over numerous practice sessions, Baddeley and Longman reported the results of various spacing arrangements on the learning of
A. gunnery skills by aircraft crews. B. engine assembly skills by auto workers. C. keyboarding skills by postal workers. D. piano playing by novice college students.