Explain the rights-based and the utilitarian perspectives on the situation of an exchange between two parties coming together freely.
What will be an ideal response?
The simple situation in which two parties come together and freely agree to an exchange is prima facie ethically legitimate. The rights-based ethical tradition would see it as upholding respect for individuals by treating them as autonomous agents capable of pursuing their own ends. This tradition presumes that each individual will abide by fundamental principles.
The utilitarian ethical tradition would take the two parties' agreement as evidence that both are better off than they were prior to the exchange and thus conclude that overall happiness has been increased.
This assessment is only prima facie because, like all agreements, certain conditions must be met before we can conclude that autonomy has in fact been respected and mutual benefit has been achieved.
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