Which of the following statements about ecological

succession is false?
a. A disturbed area within a community may
recover quickly if improved soil remains.
b. Pioneer species are the start of community
structure.
c. The wastes and remains of early colonizers favor
the survival of new species.
d. Secondary succession occurs on a new volcanic
island.
e. Later successional species outcompete earlier
species.


Answer: d

Biology & Microbiology

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