Which goal of punishment traces its roots to the Old Testament adage of “an eye for an eye; a tooth for a tooth”?

A. deterrence
B. retribution
C. incapacitation
D. rehabilitation


B. retribution

Criminal Justice

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Biological theories believe some humans may be further along the evolutionary ladder than others

a. True b. False

Criminal Justice

A sentencing confrontation is a peacemaking technique in which offenders, victims, and other community members are brought together in an effort to formulate a sanction that addresses the needs of all.

Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)

Criminal Justice

As a general rule, moral and ethical standards are lower than the standards required by criminal law

Indicate whether the statement is true or false

Criminal Justice

The dominant ______ political climate of the 1960s was one of optimism with the perception that any social problem could be solved.

a. independent b. liberal c. conservative d. both a and b

Criminal Justice