When asked to push a wagon while standing on a towel attached to its rear axle, 21-month-old Maximus figures out that if he steps off the towel, the wagon will move. Maximus is displaying ________.
A. effortful control
B. secure attachment
C. a categorical self
D. an explicit body self-awareness
Answer: D
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When you read a list of words, how could you increase your depth of processing? a. Repeat each word over and over as many times as possible. b. After you read each word, close your eyes for a few seconds. c. Think about the meaning of the words on the list
d. Write each word in large capital letters.
In an experiment, the group receives the manipulation of the independent variable
a. control b. experimental c. independent d. dependent e. random
________ bias refers to a way of thinking that ignores or overlooks information that disagrees with people's beliefs
a. Hindsight b. Knowledge c. Confirmation d. Representativeness e. Availability
Research by Leventhal and his colleagues (1967) was described in the text. In the experiment, the researchers showed some smokers a graphic film about lung cancer and gave them a pamphlet with instructions on how to quit;
other smokers received either the pamphlet alone, or watched the grisly film. After three months, those smokers who received only the pamphlet with instructions were smoking significantly more than those who both saw the film and received the pamphlet. Why? a. Information alone is not sufficient if people are not motivated to use it. b. Fear alone is not sufficient if people don't know how to reduce it. c. A message must be relevant to people if they are to pay attention to it. d. Fear, like other negative moods, encourages people to pay attention to the message.