How does Clostridium perfringens cause food poisoning? How is this process related to the metabolism and special structures of C. perfringens?
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: C. perfringens most commonly infects meats, and if they are not heated to a high enough temperature, endospores will be produced by the pathogen. Endospores will germinate under anoxic conditions, so canning a C. perfringens endospore-infected food will induce germination of the pathogen. When food that contains C. perfringens is ingested, the cells will again sporulate under anoxic conditions in the human intestine as well as produce enterotoxins. The epithelial lining of the intestine is permeabilized by the enterotoxin, which leads to intestinal cramps, diarrhea, and nausea. The onset of symptoms usually begins around 7-15 hours after ingestion, and the disease as a whole is normally cleared within 24 hours in an otherwise healthy individual.
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Which mutations can interfere with the proper insertion of a protein in the plasma membrane?
A. A polar amino acid to a non-polar amino acid within a transmembrane domain B. A non-polar amino acid to a polar amino acid within a transmembrane domain C. A polar amino acid to a non-polar amino acid within a cytoplasmic domain D. A non-polar amino acid to a polar amino acid within a cytoplasmic domain Clarify Question · What is the key concept addressed by the question? · What type of thinking is required? Gather Content · What do you know about the amino acids found in a transmembrane domain? What other information is related to the question? Choose Answer · Given what you now know, what information and/or problem solving approach is most likely to produce the correct answer? Reflect on Process · Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a more desirable result?
Transcription begins near a site in the DNA called the ______.
A. promoter B. enhancer C. response element D. transcription unit E. regulatory sequence
Individuals who have therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (t-MN) often have deletions of chromosome 5. These
deleted genes are ____.
a. completely inactive b. expressed at lower levels in these individuals due to haploinsufficiency c. expressed at higher levels in these individuals due to dosage compensation d. usually involved in promoting entry into mitosis e. usually involved in promoting entry into meiosis
what is the effect of botulism toxin?
What will be an ideal response?