Distinguish among positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, presentation punishment, and removal punishment. Give a concrete example of each one
What will be an ideal response?
Positive reinforcement is a consequence in which a presumably desirable stimulus is presented; negative reinforcement is a consequence in which a presumably unpleasant stimulus is removed. Presentation punishment involves the presentation of an aversive stimulus; removal punishment involves the removal of a presumably desirable stimulus. Both positive and negative reinforcement lead to an increase in the behavior they follow. Both presentation punishment and removal punishment lead to a decrease in the behavior they follow. Each of these four concepts should be illustrated with a concrete example.
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Which of the following is true of memory?
a. Long-term memory can get so full that it is difficult to encode new things. b. Low-ability students with prior knowledge about a topic may learn more effectively than high-ability students without prior knowledge. c. Low-ability students have trouble learning, even in domains in which they have a lot of prior knowledge. d. Scripts are an example of rote memorization, such as a list of the presidents.
The purpose of the CDA credential is to allow teachers to demonstrate that they are competent
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
The educator's practice of using a variety of instructional strategies to address the different learning needs of their students is called ______
a. project-based learning b. special education c. enrichment d. cooperative learning e. differentiated instruction
______ refers to the idea that certain behaviors are more likely to occur when certain stimuli are present to reinforce the behavior.
A. Premacking B. Stimulus-control C. Learned helplessness D. Responsively