Explain the second law of thermodynamics in your own words, and briefly explain how this law
applies to living organisms. What will be an ideal response?
The second law of thermodynamics states that when energy is converted from one form to another,
some of that energy is converted to heat, which is a form of energy that is unusable by living
organisms. As a consequence of the second law, plants must photosynthesize and animals must eat in
order to compensate for this continued loss of usable energy in cells.
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Answer the following statements true (T) or false (F)
1. Damage to the seminal vesicles would prevent sperm from becoming motile. 2. Erectile dysfunction can be treated by drugs that increase levels of nitric oxide. 3. FSH stimulates the activity of Leydig cells and LH stimulates the activity of Sertoli cells. 4. A human female has the largest number of primary oocytes at the onset of puberty. 5. FSH secreted by the pituitary stimulates fluid secretion into the antrum of the follicle.
Sarah and two of her brothers have autism. Their parents do not have autism. Scientists perform exome sequencing of the parents and the children to identify mutant genes in the children. Which approach to identifying genes involved in autism is described here?
A) Multiple unrelated affected subjects B) Trio analysis C) Recessive analysis
Hagfish are caught commercially for their
a. oil. b. mucus. c. meat. d. hide. e. scales.
A population's environment sometimes changes too quickly for natural selection to adapt the individuals in the population to the environment. In these situations:
a) the rate of somatic mutations increases. b) the individuals' instincts can no longer be trusted to elicit behavior that maximizes reproductive success. c) evolution ceases to operate in the population. d) mutation occurs so that extinction will not occur. e) disruptive selection will occur.