A community health nurse is working with community groups who use health maintenance organizations (HMOs). Which of the following would the nurse need to keep in mind to enhance the effectiveness of HMOs for the clients?

A) Based on a prospective payment system
B) Relatively new model of managed care
C) Used by limited numbers of people in the United States
D) No out-of-pocket expenses for members


A

Nursing

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Following exposure to poison oak while camping, a 20-year-old male is experiencing pruritus as a consequence of his immune response to irritants in the plant. What physiological process best accounts for his complaint?

A) His body is communicating a low-level pain response as a protective measure. B) Free nerve endings are initiating an itch-specific signal to the somatosensory cortex. C) Local irritation of Langerhans cells is sending signals by way of myelinated type C nerve fibers. D) Ruffini corpuscles are transmitting the message of pruritus to the cerebral cortex.

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The client, who caught the thumb in a drawer, has a collection of blood at the base of the nail and asks you when this discoloration will be gone. What is your best answer?

A. "Discoloration that occurs under the nail is permanent." B. "Exposing the area to sunlight will cause the discoloration to fade." C. "The blood will be reabsorbed in about 2 weeks, just like any other bruise." D. "The blood will be gone when the nail completely grows beyond the injury in 3 to 4 months."

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What factor is important in the final decision to determine an appropriate cut-off point for determining the areas of sensitivity and specificity in a new screening test?

A) The emotional cost of a false positive B) The level of significance the researcher would like to achieve C) The effect size of specificity D) The financial cost of true negatives

Nursing

A community/public health nurse was planning a prostate cancer screening in cooperation with the local community hospital. Whom should the nurse be sure to invite?

A. Adult men older than age 50 in the community B. All the people who had ever been involved with the local community hospital C. Anyone the nurse knew who had a history of cancer in their family D. Everyone in the community from infants to senior citizens

Nursing