Which of the following is a true statement about sleeping in older adults?
a. Older adults tend to fall asleep quickly but are awakened throughout the night.
b. Sleep disturbances in the older adult can be caused by cardiovascular disease, arth-ritis, or diabetes.
c. Benzodiazepine agents are the medica-tions of choice for sleep disorders.
d. Selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) can alleviate sleep disturbances caused by depression.
B
All of these physical problems, as well as arthritis, can contribute to sleep disorders. It takes older adults more time to fall asleep, and older adults are awakened throughout the night more fre-quently than younger people. Benzodiazepines should not be used to induce sleep; these sub-stances are highly addictive, and if their administration is suddenly withdrawn, then rebound in-somnia can occur. In addition, older adults who take benzodiazepines for sleeping are more likely to experience a "hangover" after waking that can increase the risk of accidents and injuries. In addition to alleviating depression that causes sleep disorders, SSRIs can have a stimulating effect that, in itself, interferes with the sleep cycle.
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a. less; more b. more; more c. less; less d. more; less
Unlike nondihydropyridines, dihydropyridines:
A. have prominent effects on the heart. B. block the influx of calcium ions into vascular smooth muscle. C. have very little direct actions on the heart. D. block the influx of sodium ions in cardiac muscle.
During patient education regarding an oral macrolide such as erythromycin, the nurse should include which information?
A. If GI upsets occurs, the drug will have to be stopped B. The drug should be taken with an antacid to avoid GI problems. C. The patient should take each dose with a sip of water. D. The patient may take the drug with a small snack to reduce GI irritation.
When assessing a client, which of the following would the nurse identify as an early indicator of malnutrition?
A) Protein stores are lower B) Fat is used for missing nutrients C) Calcium levels drop D) Hemoglobin levels decrease