Although several studies have reported an association between schizophrenia and brain damage that occurred within a few years prior to the onset of the symptoms, these studies have been criticized for ___
a. relying on the memories of relatives and patients about details of the injury
b. casual or inconsistent diagnosis of schizophrenia
c. failing to control adequately for pre-injury symptoms
d. All of the above
D
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Pencils, magazines, and socks would be examples of
a. token reinforcers. b. generalized reinforcers. c. social reinforcers. d. tangible reinforcers.
Gavin's aunt enjoys playing school with him. He likes to pretend he is an older, school aged child and she likes it because he is learning about school routines and how to be respectful to authority figures. This method of instruction is called _________
a. the zone of proximal development b. scaffolding c. guided participation d. private speech
Any behavior that does not allow a person to function within or adapt to the stresses and everyday demands of life is considered __________.
A. deviant B. uncomfortable C. rare D. maladaptive
Codeine, morphine, and heroin produce pain relief and a sense of euphoria. They mimic the effects of the body’s natural opioids, which include __________
A) endorphins and enkephalins B) oxycodone and oxycontin C) dopamine and ketamine D) norepinephrine and epinephrine