Punishment involves ________
A) the delivery of positive reinforcements to individuals when they engage in specific behaviors
B) the delivery of aversive consequences to individuals when they engage in specific unwanted behaviors
C) the substitution of one target for aggressive behavior for another
D) exposing individuals to a stimuli which causes them to experience affective states incompatible with aggression
E) the delivery of negative reinforcements to someone when they engage in specific behaviors
Answer: B
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What method did Masters and Johnson use for their research on sex? a. They observed people having sex acts and recorded physiological responses. b. They conducted extensive, door-to-door surveys
c. They asked their participants to keep diaries of all their sexual activities. d. They used fMRI to record brain activity while people watched sexual videos.
A friend tells you that drama majors tend to be extremely disorganized. However, when you actually make a tally of 10 friends who are drama majors and 20 friends who are not, you find no relationship. Your friend's error was most likely to be an example o
a. the hindsight bias. b. an illusory correlation. c. the framing effect. d. the anchoring and adjustment heuristic.
Rogoff and her colleagues evaluated the process of guided participation across cultures and found that
a. in most cultures, teachers are the primary guides. b. guided participation is most effective when done by a parent. c. North American children are not exposed to guided participation. d. cultures vary in the extent to which children are taught directly through the contact they have with adults.
What typically includes information about who is conducting the study, what the purposes of the study are, what participation in the study involves, what risks (if any) are involved in participating,
and what the person can expect to receive in return for participation? a. IRB proposal b. informed consent form c. research participation advertisement d. study proposal