Explain the hormonal control of milk production and ejection. What will be an ideal response?


ANSWER: During gestation elevated placental estrogen and progesterone promote development of
mammary glands. Prolactin stimulates synthesis of enzymes essential for milk production by
alveolar epithelial cells. Withdrawal of placental steroids at parturition initiates lactation.
Lactation is sustained by suckling, which triggers release of oxytocin and prolactin. Oxytocin
causes milk ejection by stimulating cells surrounding alveoli to squeeze secreted milk out
through ducts. Prolactin stimulates secretion of more milk to replace milk ejected as the baby
nurses.

Biology & Microbiology

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