How is the process of active transport beneficial to human living systems?
A. Active transport moves substances against a concentration gradient, allowing fluid compartment volume ionic differences to be maintained.
B. Active transport allows the fluid lost at the capillary–interstitial compartment in-terface to be returned by lymph flow to the systemic circulation.
C. When diffusion is limited by membrane impermeability, active transport maintains homeostasis of osmolarity across all body fluid compartments.
D. When osmosis cannot occur during periods of anoxia, active transport facilitates movement of glucose across cell membranes so that energy production is not disrupted.
A
Excitable membrane function (nerves and muscle of all types) is dependent on major differences between extracellular ion concentrations (especially sodium and potassium) and intracellular ion concentrations. Active transport allows extracellular potassium to be moved back into the cells against a concentration gradient and excess sodium inside the cells to be moved back into the extracellular fluid against a concentration gradient. If the systems for active transport were not functioning, no ionic differences would be maintained, leading to cellular swelling, loss of resting membrane potential, and death.
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