Which of the following combinations of clinical presentations constitutes the most compelling indication that a client may have been abused?
1. Poor eye contact, depressed mood, unwillingness to give history data
2. Multiple bruises and scars, low self-esteem
3. Acting-out behaviors, disobedience, trouble with the law
4. Sores around the mouth, brittle hair
2
Rationale: Physical abuse is the non-accidental use of physical force that results in bodily injury, pain, or impairment. Multiple bruises, scars at various levels of healing, and low self-esteem are signs that the client may have been subjected to physical abuse and humiliation. Acting-out behaviors are more consistent with antisocial personality disorder. Poor eye contact and other withdrawn behaviors are more consistent with a diagnosis of depression. Sores around the mouth may indicate an eating disorder.
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