How do hostility, anger, and anger expression differ? How are they linked to CHD (coronary heat disease)?
What will be an ideal response?
Although hostility and anger are overlapping constructs, Suls and Bunde point out that hostility refers to "cynical attitudes about others" whereas anger involves "feelings of being treated unjustly and is accompanied by subjective arousal;" "anger expression refers to tendencies to be verbally or physically antagonistic.". Thus, hostility refers to an attitude, anger refers to a feeling, and anger expression refers to behaviors. Over the ensuing decades, they note, hostility, anger, anger expression, as well as depression and anxiety have all been linked to CHD. In addition, they point out, these risk variables amount to three overlapping negative affectivity dimensions of anger-hostility, depression, and anxiety that, in spite of their linkage to CHD, have also at times produced mixed or even negative results as CHD predictors. Some of the negative results may stem from the differences in the way these negative affectivity constructs have been defined and measured.
You might also like to view...
The suicide rate for men in late adulthood
a) significantly declines. b) declines somewhat compared with men in middle adulthood. c) climbs steadily, especially for white men over the age of 85. d) is less than for women in late adulthood.
Synthesize the current knowledge regarding biochemical factors and mood disorders.
What will be an ideal response?
Which of the following statements least describes organizational commitment?
a. the degree of employee compliance due to compensation through wages b. the degree to which an employee identifies with a particular organization and its goals and wishes to maintain membership in the organization c. the level of leadership provided to employees d. the amount of hours each employee is prepared to work on a daily basis e. employee willingness to learn other skills on the job
The Harris-Benedict equations for estimating energy expenditure take into account:
a. sex b. weight c. height d. all of the above e. activity level