Because of a process known as ________, the deterrent effects of police handing out traffic citations have been called into question
A) shortsightedness
B) diffusion
C) positive reconditioning
D) extinction
D
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Until the late 1800s and the early 1900s, juveniles were subject to the same laws and punishments and the same treatment by the police as adults
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Scholars have argued that industrial capitalism creates _____________which can influence white- collar offending.
a. Culture of competition b. Culture of fear c. Opportunities to offend d. Differential association
All of the following statements regarding procedural criminal law are true EXCEPT which?
a. It provides the structure by which cases should move through the system. b. It dictates the roles and responsibility for each of the courtroom participants. c. It requires that police officers inform someone of his or her constitutional rights to remain silent. d. It refers to what acts we define as criminal.
An offender neutralizes his guilt over the robbery of a convenience store by claiming that the victim routinely cheated customers and deserved to be targeted. This is an example of which technique of neutralization?
A) Denial of the victim B) Denial of responsibility C) Appeal to higher loyalties D) Denial of injury