In reviewing literature for an evidence-based practice study, the nurse realizes that the most reliable level of evidence is the
a. Systematic review and meta-analysis.
b. Randomized control trial (RCT).
c. Case control study.
d. Control trial without randomization.
A
In a systematic review or meta-analysis, an independent researcher reviews all of the RCTs conducted on the same clinical question and reports whether the evidence is conclusive, or if further study is needed. A single RCT is not as conclusive as a review of several RCTs on the same question. Control trials without randomization may involve bias in how the study is conducted. Case control studies also have room for bias.
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A client says she heard from a friend that you stop having periods once you are on "the pill." The most appropriate response would be
a. "If your friend has missed her period, she should stop taking the pills and get a preg-nancy test as soon as possible." b. "Missed periods can be very dangerous and may lead to the formation of precancerous cells." c. "The pill prevents the uterus from making much endometrial lining; that is why periods may often be scant or skipped occasionally." d. "The pill should cause a normal menstrual period every month. It sounds like your friend has not been taking the pills properly."
The most appropriate explanation by the nurse to explain why a client cannot eat before surgery is
a. "Anesthesia works best on an empty stomach." b. "The stomach should be empty to prevent complications." c. "There is not enough time before surgery to digest the food." d. "You will not have to go to the bathroom frequently before surgery."
To assess fundal contraction 6 hours after cesarean birth, which action should the nurse perform?
a. Assess lochial flow rather than palpating the fundus. b. Palpate forcefully through the abdominal dressing. c. Place hands on both sides of the abdomen and press downward. d. Gently palpate, applying the same technique used for vaginal deliveries.
A client is scheduled for a barium swallow (esophagography) in 2 days. The nurse, providing preprocedure instructions, should tell the client to implement which measure?
A. Eat a regular supper and breakfast B. Remove all metal and jewelry before the test C. Expect diarrhea for a few days after the procedure D. Take all oral medications as scheduled with milk on the day of the test