When you reached toward the dog, he nipped at your hand. You quickly pulled your hand back. As a result, he now nips at your hand whenever you reach toward him. The consequence for the dog's behavior of nipping consisted of the ______ of a stimulus, and his behavior of nipping subsequently _______ in frequency; therefore, this is an example of _____ reinforcement.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
Answer: Removal; increased; negative.
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Which of the following students best describes the role of social biases in the psychology of women?
a. Rickey: "The psychology of women examines how sexism influences women's lives; other biases are relatively unimportant.". b. Meisha: "Studies of either racism or sexism provide important information about the psychology of women, but the combined effects of racism and sexism are rarely discussed.". c. Keshav: "Although other social biases are sometimes mentioned, sexism and heterosexism are actually the only important issues for researchers in the psychology of women.". d. Andrew: "Understanding the psychology of women requires an examination of a number of social biases including sexism, racism, classism, heterosexism, and ageism.".
Information-processing biases displayed by depressed individuals ____
a. are errors in thinking in specific situations b. are negative effortful thoughts c. often include thoughts of past accomplishments d. are based on poor faulty memory systems
Which neurotransmitter tends to influence brain activity in areas that control emotions and sensory information and may explain some of the symptoms seen in schizophrenia?
a. acetylcholine b. glutamate c. melatonin d. schizotoxin
According to Jeffrey Gray, a personality researcher who explored the theories of Hans Eysenck, there are two basic brain systems that mediate the two personality dimensions of Eysenck's theory. What are they?
a. The brainstem and the language acquisition device (LAD) b. The reticular activating system (RAS) and the neuronal inhibiting system (NIS) c. The presynaptic stimulating module (PESM) and the postsynaptic stimulating module (POSM) d. The behavioral activating system (BAS) and the behavioral inhibition system (BIS)