In classical conditioning, the stimulus that naturally evokes an unlearned response is the
a. conditioned stimulus.
b. unconditioned stimulus.
c. unconditioned reinforcer.
d. conditioned reinforcer.
B
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Someone shows you photos of famous scientists and asks you to name them. This is which type of memory test?
a. Free recall b. Cued recall c. Recognition d. Savings
Sleepwalking, lucid dreaming, and waking up unable to move illustrate which idea? a. Sleep serves several functions including conservation of energy. b. People vary genetically in their circadian rhythms
c. Sometimes one brain area is awake while another is asleep. d. REM sleep is more abundant at some times of night than at others.
Regarding the performance of various ethnic groups on IQ tests, which of the following statements is FALSE?
a. Historically, African-American children have scored an average of 15 points lower on standardized IQ tests than European-American children. b. As a group, Japanese-American children score above average on IQ tests. c. When unequal education is part of the equation, IQs may tell us little about how heredity affects intelligence. d. One study found that placing poor African-American children into European-American adoptive families had no effect on the children's IQs.
Depression is associated with lower activity in the frontal lobe, which may result in:
a. lack of appetite. b. difficulty concentrating and thinking. c. periods of elevated mood and energy. d. constipation.