In assessing the voluntariness of confessions, the courts apply the _____________ test.
a. subjectively reasonable person
b. totality of the circumstances
c. objectively reasonable person
d. bright-line test
b. totality of the circumstances
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One change to police department procedures in response to terrorist threats is to increase guards in public events
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Which president opened a new offensive against organized crime in 1965 by establishing the President's Commission on Law Enforcement and the Administration of Justice
a. Ronald Reagan b. Lyndon B. Johnson c. Richard Nixon d. Jimmy Carter
The F ratio is larger when the _____
a. between-groups mean square is smaller b. within-groups mean square is smaller c. difference between means is negative d. difference between means is smaller
Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
1. A primary challenge to understanding crime through a demonological perspective was thatcrime and criminality were to be found in the natural rather than supernatural world. 2. Becarria’s philosophies surrounding punishment were considered radical during his time. 3. Diappointed with criminology’s overconcern with the search for basic causes of crime, James Q. Wilson proposed a policy analysis approach that was less concerned with finding “causes” and more concerned with “what works.” 4. Rational choice theorists argue that individuals are purely rational in the decision making, which includes consideration of the costs and benefits of crime. 5. Classical theorists emphasize criminal behavior rather than criminal law.