If a person has a backache and asks a friend to massage the areas likely to be causing the problem, what muscles and anatomical features would be massaged, and what anatomical landmarks could be located in order to help find the muscles?
What will be an ideal response?
The major muscles most likely in need of massage would be the trapezius and the latissimus dorsi. The trapezius
muscle is located superior to the scapular spine, and the latissimus dorsi muscle superior to the lumbosacral fascia. Both muscles attach at the spinous processes of the vertebrae; therefore, these spinous processes would be a good landmark to use as well.
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The following is a list of the events that occur during a muscle contraction. What is the correct sequence of these events? 1. Myosin cross-bridges bind to the actin. 2. The free myosin head splits ATP. 3. Calcium ion is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. 4. The myosin head pivots toward the center of the sarcomere. 5. Calcium ion binds to troponin. 6. The myosin head binds an ATP molecule
and detaches from the actin. A) 1, 3, 5, 4, 6, 2 B) 5, 1, 4, 6, 2, 3 C) 3, 5, 1, 2, 4, 6 D) 3, 5, 1, 4, 6, 2 E) 1, 4, 6, 2, 3, 5
Release of calcium from these structures triggers skeletal muscle contraction
a) myofibrils b) mitochondria c) terminal cisterns of sarcoplasmic reticulum d) T-tubules e) none of the answer choices
In which of the following situations would the end-systolic volume (ESV) be the greatest?
A) when sympathetic stimulation of the heart is increased B) when parasympathetic stimulation of the heart is increased C) when stroke volume is increased D) when the intracellular stores of calcium are increased E) when the force of myocardial contraction is increased
Tropomyosin and troponin are often called stimulation proteins because of their role in covering or exposing the binding sites for cross-bridge interaction between actin and myosin
a. True b. False Indicate whether the statement is true or false