The nurse recognizes that teaching about secondary prevention has been effective when the client states:
1. "If I stop smoking, I can decrease my risk of lung cancer."
2. "I need to have a Pap smear annually to detect any signs of cervical cancer."
3. "If I get a cancerous lesion removed early, I can prevent more areas of skin cancer."
4. "If I wear sunscreen, I can prevent skin cancer."
Correct Answer: 2
Rationale 1: This is an example of primary prevention.
Rationale 2: This is an example of secondary prevention.
Rationale 3: This is an example of tertiary prevention.
Rationale 4: This is an example of primary prevention.
Global Rationale: Primary prevention includes interventions that keep cancer from developing, such as interventions that promote a healthy lifestyle, receiving vaccinations, and eliminating tobacco use. Secondary prevention includes interventions leading to the discovery and control of cancerous or precancerous lesions. Examples are Pap smears and mammograms. Tertiary prevention attempts to reduce damage that has already started. Examples are surgical interventions to remove a tumor. Palliation is interventions focused on quality of life when cure is no longer feasible.
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