In positive and negative reinforcement, what is the distinction between positive and negative?
a. It depends on whether something is presented or avoided
b. It depends on whether the reinforcement is larger or smaller than usual.
c. It depends on whether the reinforcement is pleasant or unpleasant.
d. It depends on whether a behavior is strengthened or weakened.
a
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People tend to make internal attributions for behavior when the behavior is:
a. high in consistency, but low in distinctiveness or consensus b. high in consistency, high in distinctiveness and high in consensus c. low in consistency, but high in distinctiveness or consensus d. low in consistency, low in distinctiveness, and low in consensus
A person's self-portrait of the different pieces of self in a coherent and integrated mode is the person's
a. self-esteem. c. identity. b. self-efficacy. d. theory of mind.
According to the __________ trend, the head develops more rapidly than the lower part of the body during the prenatal period
A) cranial B) neuroproximal C) proximodistal D) cephalocaudal
In regard to the condition termed "chronic pain," most researchers now agree that the causes of chronic pain and resulting high costs to our healthcare system are primarily
A. psychological. B. social. C. imaginary. D. both psychological and social.