The Porfiriato was the period of
a. revolution in which General Porfirio gained independence from Spain.
b. authoritarian rule by Porfirio Díaz, in which he encouraged foreign investment and economic development while closing off political opportunities for large numbers of the Mexican middle and upper class.
c. civil war, resulting in the separation of the country into northern and southern regions.
d. U. S. military occupation of several key cities in Mexico.
e. Spanish rule in Mexico.
b
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In The Federalist, No. 10, James Madison described how a government could be designed to control the effects of __________
a. monarchies b. factions c. political parties d. trade associations
The power of American judges to nullify decisions and actions by other branches of government, if the judges decide those actions violate the U.S. Constitution or the relevant state constitution, is known as __________
a. judicial implementation b. judicial review c. common law d. public trust
When dictators liberalize in an attempt to co-opt opposition groups, they are trying to strengthen their hold on power. If they miscalculate and assume that the opposition is weak when in fact it is strong, their liberalizing attempts might embolden the opposition groups and eventually lead to a democratic transition. But if the opposition group is actually weak, and the dictator mistakenly thinks it is strong, then the dictator will not dare to liberalize in the first place, which is unfortunate for civil society whose members could have benefited from the liberalization. If you were a member of the opposition (civil society) and you were interested in a transition to democracy, or at least a liberalization of the regime, would you be better off in the situation in which the dictator
(liberalizers) knew for sure the exact strength of civil society, or in the situation in which the dictator was uncertain whether civil society was strong or not? A. The opposition is always better off under conditions of certainty. B. The opposition is always better off under conditions of uncertainty. C. It would depend on whether the opposition was strong or weak. A weak opposition would prefer certainty, but a strong opposition would probably prefer uncertainty.
All of the following states called for the First Continental Congress with the exception of which of the following?
A. Massachusetts B. New York C. Rhode Island D. Pennsylvania E. Virginia