An elderly client is admitted with the diagnosis of severe aortic regurgitation. Which of the following client reports support this diagnosis? Select all that apply
A) Exertional dyspnea
B) Orthopnea
C) Frequent angina
D) Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
E) Palpitations
Ans: A, B, D, E
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As aortic regurgitation progresses, signs and symptoms of left ventricular failure begin to appear. These include exertional dyspnea, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. Angina is a rare symptom. Tachycardia, occurring with emotional stress or exertion, may produce palpitations, head pounding, and premature ventricular contractions.
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