Discuss the ways in which the natural environment influenced religious beliefs in Sumer

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Mesopotamia's gods and goddesses were associated with the forces of nature. Like its climate, its divinities were fierce and capricious, its mythology filled with physical and spiritual woe, and its cosmology based on the themes of chaos and conflict. The two rivers that surrounded Sumer—the Tigris and Euphrates—formed the basis of Sumerian life and the people of the region naturally saw the fertile cycles of flooding in a religious context. The Babylonian Creation states, "When sweet and bitter? / mingled together, no reed was plaited, no rushes / muddied the water,? / the gods were nameless, natureless, futureless, then / from Apsu and Tiamat / ?in the waters gods were created, in the waters / silt precipitated."

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