On a periapical radiograph, what is the small circular radiolucency near the roots of the mandibular premolars?

lingual foramen
incisive foramen
mental foramen
mandibular foramen


mental foramen

Rationale: mental foramen – This landmark is visible on an x-ray and is where nerve and blood supply pass through.

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Acids such as lactic acid and pyruvic acid formed during anaerobic metabolism, and amino acids formed by the breakdown/oxidation of proteins are called the ____ acids.

A. respiring B. dissociating C. metabolic D. bonding

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If an embolus blocks a cerebral artery, the result may be a(n) ________, or stroke.  

Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).

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The second premolar differs from the first premolar in the cervical area because:

A. only the mesial surface is concave B. there are no depressions on the surface C. there is deeper concavity on the distal surface D. there are no differences

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Which of the following is considered both an input device and an output device?

A. Scanner B. Modem C. Central processing unit D. Keyboard E. Printer

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