A study utilized the medical records of nursing home residents as the source of data for the study. This is an example of which type of study?
1. Longitudinal.
2. Retrospective.
3. Prospective.
4. Cross-sectional.
2
Rationale 1: A longitudinal study follows subjects over time to determine effects of a phenomenon. There is not enough data in the question to determine if this is a longitudinal study.
Rationale 2: In a retrospective study, the dependent variable (effect) is identified in the present, and an attempt is made to determine the independent variable (cause) that occurred in the past.
Rationale 3: A prospective study identifies presence of an independent variable and follows subjects into the future to observe the dependent variable.
Rationale 4: A cross-sectional study examines subjects at a particular point in time.
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A patient with ESKD receives continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. The nurse observes that the dialysate drainage fluid is cloudy. What is the nurse's most appropriate action?
A) Inform the physician and assess the patient for signs of infection. B) Flush the peritoneal catheter with normal saline. C) Remove the catheter promptly and have the catheter tip cultured. D) Administer a bolus of IV normal saline as ordered.
The patient who had a laryngectomy 3 months ago returns to the physician's office with the complaint of increasing dyspnea. The nurse recognizes this complaint as an indication of the common postlaryngectomy complication of:
1. hypertrophied stoma. 2. salivary fistula. 3. carotid blowout 4. tracheal stenosis.
A PHN treats a patient who may be depressed. To verify suspicions, the PHN checks ____, the definitive clinical guide for diagnosing mental disorders and providing consistency and accuracy in the screening for mental disorders
A. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) B. The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10) C. Patient Health Questionnaire 2 D. Brief System Checklist-18 of the My Mood Monitor
A trusting relationship with a patient can be fostered by
a. introducing oneself and stating one's role. b. identifying the patient by room number. c. seeing the patient every 5 to 7 minutes. d. making up answers when one does not know the answer.