Which of the following is included in Akers’s four characteristics of social structure and social learning theory?

a. inherent criminality of the individual
b. differential biological traits
c. economic institutional powers
d. differential social organization


d. differential social organization

Criminal Justice

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Ineffective assistance of counsel includes:

A. Being represented by inexperienced counsel B. In a capital sentencing trial, not examining a court file examined by the prosecution C. In a capital sentencing trial, not seeking psychiatric examination where the defendant showed no sign of psychological problems D. In a capital trial, by failing to pursue every possible defense

Criminal Justice

In Illinois v. Perkins the United States Supreme Court ruled that undercover agents do not have to incarcerated inmates when investigating crimes

a. inform c. interview b. allow attorney contact for d. give a Miranda warning to

Criminal Justice

Nuclear power facilities are desirable targets for violent extremists.

Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)

Criminal Justice

Sayyid Qutb's influence far outreached his life - for example, his views of using violence to overthrow governments that did not follow pure Islamic practice,

a. made him a martyr for the Islamic cause when Egypt executed him for his views. b. helped to make Osama Bin Laden rich and indirectly funded Al-Queda. c. spread Wahhabism far beyond what it would have otherwise reached. d. provided much of the justification Bin Laden used for Al-Queda’s activities and goals.

Criminal Justice