Which of the following is the best conclusion to draw from the massing versus spacing experiment discussed in the textbook?
A) Massing is better than spacing for all types of learning.
B) Massing is better than spacing for studying vocabulary.
C) Spacing is better than massing for all types of learning.
D) Spacing is better than massing for studying vocabulary.
Answer: D
Rationale: The 2009 study discussed in the textbook showed that spacing was better than massing when studying vocabulary flashcards. The study did not, however, provide enough evidence that spacing works for all types of learning. More research would be needed to support this conclusion.
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Lily is interested in conducting an experiment to demonstrate that there are some situations in which men are more likely to conform than women. Which strategy should Lily adopt in designing her study?
a. She should have participants engage in a discussion about politics. b. She should have participants engage in a discussion about fashion. c. She should tell participants that they are being observed throughout the study. d. She should tell participants that their primary goal in the study should be to appear attractive toward groupmembers of the opposite sex.
The Sniffy program will help you learn the ________ of learning but not the ________.
a. science; art b. generalities; specifics c. art; science d. specifics; generalities
To study the effectiveness of a new anti-anxiety drug, researchers randomly assign equally anxious people to two groups, one getting Drug X and the other getting no drug. The researchers mistakenly conclude that Drug X works because people in the drug group show fewer signs of anxiety than the others. What is the mistake?
a. They never introduced an independent variable. b. They did not create a placebo control group. c. They never did a pretest of anxiety symptoms. d. They did not operationally define what the experimental group was.
What is an argument against the idea that promiscuity is an ideal way to pass one’s genes onto successive generations?
a. Parental care suffers when a parent has too many children. b. Fertility rates typically decrease when sexual activity goes beyond a threshold level. c. Increased sexual activity introduces a variety of fatal infections to the individual. d. The quality of the selected mate tends to decrease with increased promiscuity.