Evidence supporting the hypothesis that people use mental animation in some scientific reasoning problems includes
a. using mental animation plays an important role in people's evaluation of static statements about diagrams of pulleys.
b. using mental animation plays an important role in people's evaluation of kinematic (motion-based) statements about diagrams of pulleys.
c. evaluation of statements about the end of the causal chain was faster for those who used mental animation than physical animation.
d. evaluation of statements about the end of the causal chain was faster than evaluation of statements about the beginning of a causal chain.
B
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Lila is an early-maturing girl. Based on this, Lila most likely experiences __________.
A. a reduced risk of depression B. a drop in school performance C. a more positive body image D. improved academic performance
Zane has been shocked on six separate occasions while making toast. However, he doesn't seem to have developed a phobia toward toasters. Zane's only phobia is toward spiders, because he once had a big spider fall in his shirt when he was child. Zane's pattern of phobias illustrates the concept of
a. signal relations. b. negative avoidance. c. superstitious responding. d. preparedness.
The Premack principle is that:
a. shaping has to proceed in small steps, and all reinforcement must be contingent. b. noncontingent reinforcers will not strengthen behavior. c. negative reinforcers have the same effect as positive reinforcers. d. any act likely to be performed can reinforce a behavior less likely to be performed.
Since 1980 the rate of childhood asthma in the United States has _____.
A. doubled B. tripled C. decreased D. stayed the same