The differences between the simple quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design and an experimental version of the same design with a control group, in which there was random assignment to group, would be which of the following?
(Select all that apply.)
a. The experimental design controls for more variables.
b. Subjects are blind to group assignment in the experimental design.
c. There is now a means of two-group comparison.
d. The design controls for changes due to maturation or history.
e. The researcher collects data more frequently.
ANS: A, C, D
The one-group pretest-posttest design is one of the more commonly used quasi-experimental designs. However, it has such serious weaknesses that findings are often uninterpretable. Pretest scores cannot adequately serve the same function as a comparison group. Events can occur between the pretest and posttest that alter responses to the posttest. The original, or classic, experimental design, or pretest-posttest control group design, is still the most commonly used experimental design. There are two randomized groups, one receiving the experimental treatment and one receiving no treatment, a placebo treatment, or the routine or standard care. By comparing pretest scores and the groups' demographic characteristics, one can evaluate the effectiveness of randomization in providing equivalent groups. The researcher implements the treatment or independent variable under very controlled conditions. The dependent variable is measured twice, before and after the manipulation of the independent variable.
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