Alcohol use can lead to severe health problems for both the person consuming the alcoholic beverages and the unborn children of alcoholic mothers. Discuss TWO of the three health-related consequences of alcohol use that are described in the text

Question

What will be an ideal response?

Answer 1

Alcohol cirrhosis is a liver disease that occurs in about 10 to 15% of people with alcoholism. Cirrhosis is the slow deterioration and malfunction of the liver due to chronic injury. In the case of alcoholism, the injury is from alcohol exposure. Chronic alcohol consumption can impair the liver's ability to detoxify the blood, leading to the development of scar tissue. In turn, scar tissue obstructs blood flow and impairs the liver's function.
Long-term alcohol abuse also harms the brain. Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is caused by deficiencies in thiamine secondary to alcohol dependence. The syndrome is characterized by a cluster of symptoms including confusion, amnesia, and confabulation, an adaptation to memory loss in which the individual "fills in blanks" with made-up information. Wernicke's encephalopathy includes short-term memory loss, paralysis of the eyes, and unsteady gait. Because people with Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome lose the ability to learn from experience, they almost always require custodial care, and 80% of individuals with this condition will not regain full cognitive function.
Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), another severe consequence of alcohol use, occurs when a pregnant woman drinks alcohol and it passes through the placenta and harms the developing fetus. Children with FAS have classic identifiable facial anomalies, including short palpebral fissure lengths (distance from the inner to outer corner of the eye) a smooth philtrum (area between the nose and upper lip) and a thin upper lip. There may also be neurodevelopmental abnormalities including small head size, structural brain abnormalities, and neurological problems such as impaired fine motor skills, hearing loss, poor eye-hand coordination, and abnormal gait. As the child develops, there may be other problems, including learning difficulties, poor school performance, and impulse control problems. A primary determinant of the severity of FAS is how much and how frequently the mother drinks.