Explain the relationship between chickenpox and shingles, paying special attention to the pathogenic processes and transmission of each of these diseases
What will be an ideal response?
Chickenpox and shingles are different manifestations of infection with varicella-zoster virus, a type of herpesvirus. Chickenpox is most commonly a childhood disease beginning as a respiratory infection and then spreading throughout various tissues of the body. The infection eventually manifests in cells of the dermis, developing into a characteristic rash and "teardrops on rose petals" lesions. After the infection subsides, the virus can become latent in nerve ganglia and remain there for decades. Upon reactivation, which happens in about 20% of adults who had chickenpox as children, the virus travels back down the nerves and causes the characteristic lesions of shingles. These lesions involve a painful rash that is limited to particular bands of skin innervated by the infected nerve. Individuals who have never had chickenpox therefore cannot contract shingles, although they can contract chickenpox from a shingles patient. Chickenpox is typically much more severe in adults than in children because of the more highly developed immune response in adults.
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
Section: Viral Diseases of the Skin and Wounds
Learning Outcome: 19.32
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