Which of the following is not a characteristic of the second-messenger mechanism of hormone action?
A) Hormone effects are amplified.
B) G proteins and cAMP are used.
C) Receptors are on the cell surface.
D) Cellular operations are altered by direct stimulation of a gene.
E) Kinases may phosphorylate proteins.
D
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Which of the following statements concerning vitamin D is incorrect? Vitamin D
a. can be synthesized by the skin on exposure to sunlight. b. must be modified by biochemical alterations within the liver and kidneys before it is biologically active. c. enhances the effect of calcitonin on bone. d. increases Ca2+ absorption in the intestine. e. deficiency in children results in rickets.
Overactivity of the anterior pituitary gland results in excessive secretions of growth hormone and which chronic condition?
a. acromegaly b. spina bifida c. cleft palate d. osteomalacia
An athlete participates in aerobic exercise three times a week. One of the changes is an increased ability to deliver oxygen to her skeletal muscles. Over time she notices that she can continue the exercise with greater intensity and duration. The reason for this change is that there is a(n)
a. greater response from phosphate transfer. b. greater production of ATP from glycolysis and less from aerobic cellular respiration. c. greater production of ATP from aerobic cellular respiration. d. increased production of lactate.
Several research groups are working on vaccines that will be effective against the AIDS virus. When a successful vaccine is produced, it is likely to be injected to produce
A. active natural immunity. B. active artificial immunity. C. passive natural immunity. D. passive artificial immunity. E. active passive immunity.