Compare and contrast the receptive fields of retinal cells (bipolar and ganglion cells) with cortical receptive fields.
What will be an ideal response?
The arrangement of receptive fields for bipolar and ganglion cells is referred to as an antagonistic center-surround organization. The response of a cell depends on the amount of light falling on its center relative to the amount of light falling on its surround. It is called antagonistic because light falling on the center of the receptive field always has the opposite effect on the cell's activity from light falling on the surround. Retinal cells have doughnut shaped receptive fields that respond best to dots of light. In the cortex, the receptive fields are determined by simple and complex cortical cells. Simple cortical cells are those cells that respond to stimuli shaped like bars or edges that have a particular slant or orientation in a particular location on the retina. Complex cortical cells are cortical cells that share the simple cells' preference for stimulus size and orientation but without reference to the stimulus's location, as long as it appears in the receptive field.
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Regarding cultural differences in emotions, which of the following statements is FALSE?
a. Certain emotions are more common in some cultures than others. b. Compared to Western cultures, Asian cultures tend to discourage public displays of emotion. c. Culture influences norms about emotional display and experience. d. Researchers fail to find differences across cultures in how accurately emotions are recognized. e. There appear to be distinctive national styles of smiling.
Concepts such as the personal fable and naïve idealism are characteristic of the _____
a) concrete operations stage. b) preoperational stage. c) reversibility stage. d) formal operations stage.
_____ helps babies figure out how to coordinate their movements
A) Neurological development B) Parental encouragement C) Opportunities to exercise D) Maturation of cognitive systems
The shortest wavelengths that we can see are experienced as ______ colors
a) red b) blue c) green d) yellow