A(n) ________ is defined as a defense that, because of the circumstances, renders criminal conduct lawful and therefore exempts the actor from criminal sanctions.

A. abandonment
B. justification
C. excuse
D. mitigating defense


Answer: B

Criminal Justice

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In ____, the court ruled that the probation officer-client relationship is not confidential.

A. Beardon v. Georgia B. Minnesotav. Murphy C. Griffinv. Wisconsin D. United States v. Knights

Criminal Justice

Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)

1. Whenever we find that two variables are related, we call that relationship a causal relationship. 2. Establishing a causal relationship requires use of a rigorous experimental design. 3. Counter to expectations, poverty has very little impact on children’s educational outcomes. 4. The greater involvement of poor families with children’s protective services can be explained by the difference in the number of abuse and neglect incidents by social class. 5. Young people typically experience increased risk of involvement with delinquent behaviors and the juvenile courts as a result of a single risk factor.

Criminal Justice

Ethical men and women are

a. Born, not made. b. Above corruption and temptation. c. Easily distinguished from unethical people. d. Made, not born.

Criminal Justice

The AA approach has been criticized because of its emphasis on total abstinence and its lack of research support

a. True b. False Indicate whether the statement is true or false

Criminal Justice